Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that convey signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. In various human tumors, STAT3 is constitutively activated by aberrant upstream tyrosine kinase activities. Stattic is a small molecule...

Coomassie blue R-250 is a dye that is commonly used in laboratories to stain or quantify proteins. It is a sensitive stain for protein detection in polyacrylamide gels, typically giving blue bands on a clear background with a sensitivity of 50-100 ng/band. It may be combined with other stains, such as silver stain,...

DL-AP5 is the racemic version of the selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-AP5 (Cay-14539). Whereas D-AP5 is the active (-)-stereoisomer that competitively inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors (Kd = 1.4 µM), the (+)-isomer (L-AP5) demonstrates considerably less potent NMDA...

A-438079 is a competitive antagonist of the nucleotide receptor P2X7 (pIC50 = 6.9). It inhibits both calcium flux and IL-1beta release mediated by P2X7 while not affecting the activity of other P2X receptors. A-438079 is effective in evaluating the role of P2X7 in nociception, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in...

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are important mediators in the signal transduction of Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) family members. Dysregulation of TIR signaling, typified by increased NF-kappaB activity, results in the development of some cancers and other diseases, making the development of IRAK...