Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine) widely distributed in both plants and animals. GSH serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferases in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of...

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is the parent cysteinyl-leukotriene produced by the LTC4 synthase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione to LTA4. LTC4 is produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells, and by transcellular metabolism in platelets. It is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis...

E-64c is an active metabolite of the protease inhibitor E-64d (Cay-13533). E-64c inhibits the cysteine proteases cathepsin B, cathepsin H, and papain but not the serine proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase. It reduces the autocatalytic activity of the foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) leader protease when...

Palmitic acid is a common 16-carbon saturated fat that represents 10-20% of human dietary fat intake and comprises approximately 25 and 65% of human total plasma lipids and saturated fatty acids, respectively. Acylation of palmitic acid to proteins facilitates anchoring of membrane-bound proteins to the lipid...

p38 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily of enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction. PD 169316 is a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK. It inhibits p38 MAPK with an IC50 of 89 nM, whereas the IC50s are >100-fold higher for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)...