Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA, anandamide) is an endogenous lipid neurotransmitter with cannabinergic activity, binding to both the central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis and inactivation of AEA. Metabolism...

Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore originally isolated from S. conglobatus. It induces intracellular calcium mobilization in X. laevis oocytes when used at a concentration of 5 µM. Ionomycin (5 µM) induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in isolated human neutrophils. Ionomycin in combination...

Honokiol is a natural product derived from parts of the plant M. grandiflora used in Oriental herbal medicine. It is a lignan that produces diverse therapeutic effects, including acting as an anxiolytic in mice. Honokiol also inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, preventing...

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme which cleaves the head group from phospholipids, producing the second messenger phosphatidic acid. Two mammalian isoforms of PLD, PLD1 and PLD2, have been identified, with multiple splice variants of each. Although the two isoforms share structural and functional features, they are...

(+)-Aphidicolin is a natural tetracyclic diterpene first isolated from the fungus C. aphidicola and shown to have antiviral activity against herpes simplex. In eukaryotic cells, it is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of DNA replication, specifically blocking the activity of DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and...