Bicyclomycin benzoate is an antibiotic produced by S. sapporonensis that inhibits Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, E. cloacae, and the pathogenic group of Neisseria. It is inactive against Proteus, P. aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria.Formal Name:...

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcriptions (STATs) are a family of cytoplasmic latent transcription factors that are activated to regulate gene expression in response to a large number of extracellular signaling polypeptides including cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. STAT5, which consists of two...

Enniatins are cyclichexadepsipeptides commonly isolated from fungi. Many act as ionophores, forming pores in cellular membranes to allow selective ion transport. Enniatin B is a relatively poor ionophore with some capacity to facilitate import of K+ and Na+ across membranes. It inhibits the pleiotropic drug...

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has critical roles in cell signaling relevant to diabetes, obesity, and cancer. PTP1B inhibitor is a cell-permeable allosteric inhibitor of PTP1B (IC50s = 4 and 8 µM for 403 and 298 residue PTP1B forms, respectively). It binds reversibly and non-competitively, altering the...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that promotes the expression of phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. Phortress is a lysyl amide prodrug of the benzothiazole 5-fluoro 203...