TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand, Recombinant, Mouse (TRAIL, Apo2L, TL2, TNFSF10)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also called apoptosis 2 ligand (Apo2L) for its similarity in sequence, structure, and function to Fas Ligand/Apo1L, is a 33-35 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, designated TNFSF10. Mouse TRAIL cDNA encodes a 17 amino acid (aa) N-terminal intracellular domain, a 20 aa transmembrane domain and a 253 aa extracellular domain. Like most TNF family members, TRAIL is bioactive as a homotrimer. Unlike other TNF family members, a zinc ion complexed by human Cys 230 (mouse Cys 240) of each of the three monomers is critical for structural stability. Either transmembrane or cysteine protease-released soluble sTRAIL induce apoptosis of many transformed cell lines, but rarely of normal cells. Accordingly, TRAIL is suggested to have a role in tumor surveillance. Mice with genetically disrupted TRAIL have defective thymocyte apoptosis, creating faulty negative selection and some increased susceptibility to induced autoimmune diseases. In humans, TRAIL controls apoptosis of erythrocyte precursors and sTRAIL is inversely correlated with hemoglobin). TRAIL transcripts are constitutively expressed in a variety of human (and presumably mouse) tissues and mononuclear cells. Only one of two receptors that transduce apoptotic signals in humans is found in the mouse (TRAIL R2/DR5 but not TRAIL R1/DR4). Mice express TRAIL receptors DcTRAIL R1/TNFRSF23 and DcTRAIL R2/TNFRSF22. These receptors lack death domains, but differ in structure from human regulatory receptors TRAIL R3 and TRAIL R4. Osteoprotegerin has been identified in humans as a TRAIL receptor, but binding in mouse has not yet been demonstrated (1, 10). Mouse TRAIL shows 85% aa identity with rat TRAIL and 70% aa identity with human, bovine, and porcine TRAIL within the TNF homology domain (aa118-291). Source: A DNA sequence encoding the extracellular domain of mouse TRAIL corresponding to Pro118-Asn291 expressed in E. coli. UniProt Accession #: P50592, N­-Terminal Sequence Analysis: Pro118, Molecular Mass: TRAIL elutes as a homotrimeric protein in chromatography on a sizing column. The monomer contains 174 amino acid residues and has a predicted molecular mass of ~20 kD. Activity: Measured by its' ability to induce cytotoxicity in the mouse L929 cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED50 for this effect is typically 1.5-9.0ng/ml. Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 6 months after receipt at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.