Ginsenosides are pharmacologically active natural constituents of ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax. Structurally, they are steroid glycosides derived from the triterpene squalene. Ginsenoside Re is a panaxatriol saponin that is more abundant in some Panax species (e.g., P. quinquefolium) than others. This...

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcriptions (STATs) are a family of cytoplasmic latent transcription factors that are activated to regulate gene expression in response to a large number of extracellular signaling polypeptides including cytokines, interferons, and growth factors. STAT5, which consists of two...

Bicyclomycin benzoate is an antibiotic produced by S. sapporonensis that inhibits Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, E. cloacae, and the pathogenic group of Neisseria. It is inactive against Proteus, P. aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria.Formal Name:...

(-)-Menthol is a monoterpene that has been found in cornmint oil and has diverse biological activities. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE, Ki = 1.25 mM for the bovine enzyme). (-)-Menthol (1.6 mM) decreases expression of the genes encoding topoisomerase I, IIalpha, and Iibeta in, and cell viability of, SNU-5...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) isopropyl ester is a more lipophilic form of the free acid, PGE2. PG esters have enhanced lipid solubility compared to their parent compounds. They are generally hydrolyzed to the free acid by endogenous esterases upon in vivo administration, making the esters useful prodrugs. In general, the...