Growth-regulated protein gamma (GRO gamma, GROg, GRO3, Chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 3, CXCL3, Mac

CXCL3 is also known as MIP­2beta (macrophage inflammatory protein 2 beta), or DCI P­1 (dendritic cell inflammatory protein­1) in mouse, CINC2 (cytokine­induced neutrophil attractant 2) in rat, and GRO­gamma (growth­regulated oncogene gamma) in humans (1, 2) . It is an 8kD proinflammatory member of the CXC subfamily of heparin­binding chemokines, also called alpha chemokines (1­4) . The Glu­Leu­Arg (ELR) motif near the CXCL3 N­ terminus confers angiogenic properties and distinguishes it from interferon­inducible ELR­ CXC chemokines, which are angiostatic (4). ELR+ and ELR­ chemokines use CXCR2 and CXCR3 receptors, respectively (3, 4). Mature mouse CXCL3 shares 88% and 57% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with rat and human CXCL3, respectively. Among mouse ELR+ chemokines, it shares 82% aa sequence identity with CXCL2/GRO­beta/ MIP­2 and 34% ­ 58% with CXCL1/GRO­alpha/ KC, CXCL5/ENA­78 and CXCL7/NAP­2. Due to their similar sequence and activity, CXCL2 and CXCL3 are sometimes referred to collectively as CXCL2/ 3, but are separate gene products (4 ­ 6). Mouse CXCL3 expression is induced in macrophages and early in maturation of DC by bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides, and other inflammatory mediators (1, 7) . It is chemotactic for CXCR2­expressing neutrophils, helping to recruit them to areas of inflammation (1, 7). ELR+ chemokines also elicit endothelial cell chemotaxis, stimulating angiogenesis and playing a role in tumor development (3, 4). ELR+ chemokines upregulated by ischemi a play a role in ischemia­reper fusion injury (5, 6) . A decoy receptor , DARC (Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines) competes with CXCR2 for ELR+ chemokine binding, thus downregulating their effect (8). Neutrophil influx may also be downregulated by MMP­12, which has been found to inactivate CXCL3 and other ELR+ chemokines by cleaving them at the ELR site (9). Source: E. coli-derived Ala28 Ser100 Accession# AAI17017 , N-terminal Sequence Analysis: Ala28, Predicted Molecular Mass: 7.9kD SDSP-AGE: 6.5kD, reducing conditions, Activity: Measured by its ability to chemoattract human CXCR2 transfected BaF3 mouse proB cells., The ED50 for this effect is typically 25-100ng/ml. Endotoxin: <1.0 EU per 1ug of the protein by the LAL method. , Applications:, Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: 12 months from date of receipt, 20 to 70°C as supplied., 1 month, 2 to 8°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution., 3 months, 20 to 70°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution., Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.