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Fatty Acid Binding Protein 7 (FABP7) is one of nine known cytosolic FABPs ranging in size from 14-15 kDa containing 127-132 amino acids. Members of this protein family exhibit high affinity for lipophilic ligands and were named according to the tissue from which they were initially isolated. Studies suggest that...

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme that cleaves the head group from phospholipids, producing the second messenger phosphatidic acid. Two mammalian isoforms of PLD, PLD1, and PLD2, have been identified, with multiple splice variants of each. Although the two isoforms share structural and functional features, they are...

The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent...

Indomethacin is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that prevents ex vivo thromboxane B2 formation and other prostaglandins (PGs) that can not be prevented using anticoagulant alone. The samples have to be transferred in indomethacin sampling tubes as soon as possible after blood collection. For measuring some PGs, it...

The A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitous G protein-coupled receptors. The four AR subtypes have been implicated in several areas of therapeutic interest such as stroke and other ischemic conditions, as well as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and sleep regulation. A3 AR...

The Ras pathway is a critical signal transduction cascade involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, and oncogenic transformation. Members of the Raf serine/threonine kinase family are key intermediates in this cascade, functioning to relay signals from activated Ras to the downstream...