The P2X purinergic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by extracellular ATP. BzATP (ammonium salt) is an activator of the P2X receptors that exhibits 5-30-fold greater potency at the P2X7 receptor than ATP. It activates the human, rat, and mouse receptors with EC50 values of 0.7, 3.6, and 285...

Ramiprilat is the active metabolite of ramipril (Cay-15558) and functions as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (pKi = 9.08 in human heart) to suppress the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and the degradation of bradykinin, thereby preventing vasoconstriction. Furthermore, ramiprilat is reported...

Zaleplon (Cay-11577) is an analytical reference material that is functionally categorized as a sedative. It is a pyrazolopyrimidine that selectively activates the GABAA alpha1 receptor subunit (EC50 = 1.1 µM), producing a sedative effect. It is characterized as being an ultra-short-acting sedative due to short Tmax...

Metaxalone is a skeletal muscle relaxant. It inhibits the proliferation of, and induces apoptosis in, RAW 264.7 cells in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM. Metaxalone also reduces LPS-induced increases in COX-1, COX-2, and NF-kB levels and inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha, IL-6,...