11 products were found matching "Cay16105"!

In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) has roles as a substrate or modulator of enzymes. 5-Octyl-alpha-ketoglutarate, also known as alpha-ketoglutarate octyl ester, is a stable, cell-permeable molecule that generates free alpha-ketoglutarate upon hydrolysis of the ester bond...

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2alpha. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2alpha in rats and monkeys, but not in humans. PGF2alpha 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared to...

trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine (3HC) is a product of CYP2A6 metabolism of the primary nicotine metabolite, cotinine (Cay-15314). Cotinine has a longer metabolic half-life compared to 3HC (16 hours vs. 5 hours). The ratio of 3HC to cotinine, termed the nicotine metabolite ratio, correlates with nicotine clearance from the...

TIC10 induces the expression of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) at 1-5 µM in a p53-independent manner. It is orally active, stable, and crosses the blood-brain barrier. The induction of TRAIL results from dual inhibition of Akt and ERK1/2 combined with nuclear translocation of the transcription factor...

ONO-AE3-208 is an antagonist of the EP4 receptor (Ki = 1.3 nM) that less potently affects EP3, FP, and TP receptors (Kis = 30, 790, and 2,400 nM, respectively) and is without effect on other prostanoid receptors. In wild type mice, it mimics deletion of EP4 by producing severe colitis, with epithelial loss, crypt...

Root nodules, like those induced on the roots of leguminous plants by Rhizobium bacteria, are important sites for the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. The initiation and development of these growths are driven by a variety of nodulation (Nod) proteins produced by the infecting bacteria....

5-Octyl D-glutamate, also known as 5-octyl ester D-glutamate, is a stable, cell-permeable molecule that generates free D-glutamate upon hydrolysis of the ester bond by cytoplasmic esterases. It may be used to increase levels of cytoplasmic D-glutamate. This compound is useful in studies examining the cellular...

While extracellular glutamic acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter, intracellular glutamic acid is an amino acid that serves numerous metabolic roles, including as a precursor for alpha-ketoglutarate. 5-Octyl L-glutamate, also known as 5-octyl ester glutamic acid, is a stable, cell-permeable molecule which...

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species. It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity. PGF2alpha exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM. Maximal ovine...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are secreted signaling proteins, many of which are involved in various developmental processes, in addition to bone formation. GDF11 is a circulating growth and differentiation factor that has age-dependent effects on development. Notably, injection of recombinant GDF11 into old...

Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), the thioester of CoA (Cay-16147) and acetic acid, is a pivotal molecule in biological systems. Foremost, it serves as a source of carbon for the Krebs cycle, for the synthesis of fatty acids, and for isoprenoid-based protein modifications. Acetyl-CoA also serves as an intermediate in...