
Like proteins, peptides occur in nature and are responsible for many functions. For instance, antimicrobial peptides disrupt the membrane of a target cell thus lysis of the cell. Opioid peptides such as casomorphine and gluten exorphine mimick the effects of morphine (1). Calcineurin is an important signaling molecule in mesangial cells in vitro and is involved in some manifestations of diabetic nephropathy in vivo (2).
Amyloid beta-protein accumulation in the brain is linked to the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (3). The altered kinetics and enzymatic cleavage of peptidesduring water-electrolyte imbalance can contribute to cardiac and renal damage associated with elevated blood pressure (4). Angiotensin II, a cell proliferation and angiogenesis regulator, is the main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system (5). Angiotensin II binds two major receptors, AT1 and AT2. An AT2 receptor microvascular dilator action is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) generation in a bradykinin-dependent or independent manner. Carey RM reported that AT2 receptor had protective effect against ischemic renal injury. The AT2 receptor will be a crucial investigation area with therapeutic applications in the future (6).
Ultra-pure water is the first choice solvent for most peptides. Dilute acetic acid or ammonium hydroxide may be necessary to dissolve basic or acidic peptides, respectively. A peptide with greater than 70% purity is usually sufficient for generating or testing antibodies. A mixture of closely related peptides is able to induce an immune response that will provide the required antibody. Higher than 85% or 95% pure peptides are required in enzymology or biological activity studies (7).
References:
1. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide
2. Gooch JL, Pergola PE, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 15(6):1421-9 (2004).
3. Jayakumar R, Kusiak JW, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1622(1):20-8 (2003).
4. Silveira PF, Gil J, et al. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents. 2(3):219-38 (2004).
5. Escobar E, Rodriguez-Reyna TS, et al. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2(4):385-99 (2004).
6. Carey RM. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 14(1):67-71 (2005).
7. Eurogentec. http://uk.eurogentec.com/code/en/page_08_307.htm
Biologically Active Peptides Product Listing
| Cat# | Peptide | | A0099 | A-779 | | A0812 | Ac-D-E | | A0825 | Ac-GPK-pNA | | A0826 | Ac-GPK(Ac)-pNA | | A0832 | Ac-IEAR-pNA | | A0834 | Ac-IETD-pNA | | A0962 | ACTH (1-4) | | A0963 | ACTH (1-10), human | | A0964 | ACTH (1-13), human | | A0965 | ACTH (1-14) | | A0966 | ACTH (1-16), human | | A0967 | ACTH (1-17), human | | A0968 | ACTH (1-24), human | | A0960 | ACTH (1-39), human | | A0961 | ACTH (1-39), rat | | A0970 | ACTH (18-39), human | | A0969 | ACTH (4-10), human | | A1084 | Ac-VEID-pNA | | A1097 | Ac-YVAD-pNA | | A1330 | Adipokinetic Hormone | | A1332 | Adipokinetic Hormone II from LM | | A1333 | Adipokinetic Hormone II from SG | | A1331 | Adipokinetic Hormone, AKH, locust | | A1368 | Adrenomedullin (1-52), human | | A1369 | Adrenomedullin (13-52), | | A1370 | Adrenomedullin (22-52), | | A1371 | Adrenorphin | | A2412 | A-G-D-V | | A4369 | A-K-R-R-R-L-S-S-L-R-A | | A4401 | A-L-A-L | | A4403 | Alarelin Acetate | | A4438 | Allatostatin I | | A4498 | Alytesin | | A4844 | Amylin (8-37), human | | A4845 | Amylin (8-37),rat | | A4846 | Amylin (IAPP), feline | | A4847 | Amylin, human | | A4850 | Amylin, rat | | A4851 | β-Amyloid (1-40), rat | | A4852 | β-Amyloid (1-40), Ultra Pure, TFA | | A4853 | β-Amyloid (1-42), human | | A4849 | β-Amyloid (25-35) | | A4854 | β-Amyloid Peptide (1-42), rat | | A4848 | Amyloid-b Protein (1-40) | | A5225 | α-ANF (1-28), human | | A5070 | Angiotensin Acetate | | A5272 | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor | | A5273 | Angiotensin I [Des-Asp1-], human | | A5276 | Angiotensin I, human | | A5277 | Angiotensin II, human | | A5279 | Angiotensin II (1-4), human | | A5280 | Angiotensin II (3-8), human | | A5281 | Angiotensin II (4-8), human | | A5282 | Angiotensin II [Sar1 Ile8] | | A5283 | Angiotensin II [Sar1] | | A5284 | Angiotensin II, human [Val5] | | A5278 | Angiotensin III, human | | A5285 | [Ile7] Angiotensin III | | A5272 | Angiotensin, Canine, Rat | | A5287 | Angiotensinogen (1-14), human | | A5458 | Anorexigenic Peptide | | A5460 | ANP (1-11), rat | | A5461 | ANP (1-30), frog | | A5476 | Antagonist G | | A5477 | Antide Acetate | | A5478 | Antiestrogen | | A6002 | Apamin | | A6017 | Apelin-13, human, bovine | | A6827 | Argpressin Acetate | | A7657 | Atosiban Acetate | | A7669 | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (1-28), rat | | A7670 | Atriopeptin I | | A7071 | Atriopeptin II, rat, rabbit,mouse | | A7072 | Atriopeptin III | | A8071 | Auriculin A | | A8077 | Autocamtide 2 | | B0000 | 2B-(A) | | B0072 | 2B-(S) | | B0108 | Bactenecin, bovine | | A0248 | BAM-12P | | A0249 | BAM-22P | | B3324 | Big Endothelin-1 (1-38), human | | B5560 | BNP (1-32), human | | B5561 | BNP (1-32), rat | | B5608 | Boc-FAAGRK-AMC | | F4420 | Boc-F-L-F-L-F | | B5609 | Boc-GRR-AMC | | B5610 | Boc-PRR-AMC | | B5611 | Boc-RRR-AMC | | B5648 | Bombesin | | B5649 | [Tyr4] Bombesin | | B6800 | Bradykinin | | B6802 | Bradykinin (1-3) | | B6803 | Bradykinin (1-5) | | B6804 | Bradykinin (1-6) | | B6805 | Bradykinin (1-7) | | B6806 | Bradykinin (2-9) | | B6807 | Bradykinin [Des-Arg9] | | B6808 | Bradykinin [Des-Pro2] | | B6809 | Bradykinin [DPhe7] | | B6810 | Bradykinin [Hyp3] | | B6811 | [Tyr8] Bradykinin | | B6812 | Bradykinin Potentiator B | | B6813 | Bradykinin Potentiator C | | B3346 | Brain injury-derived Neurotrophic Peptide | | B8010 | Buccalin | | B8271 | Bursin | | C0247 | Calcineurin Autoinhibitory Peptide | | C0248 | Calcineurin Substrate | | C0146 | Calcitonin, chicken | | C0152 | Calcitonin, eel | | C0148 | Calcitonin, human | | C0153 | Calcitonin, rat | | C0149 | Calcitonin, salmon | | C0244 | α-Calcitonin gene Related Peptide, chicken | | C0151 | α-Calcitonin gene Related Peptide, human | | C0245 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide, rat | | C0243 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (8-37), human | | C0249 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (8-37), rat | | C0250 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide II, human | | C0251 | Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide II, rat | | C0175 | Carbetocin Acetate | | C0372 | Casein Kinase 2 Assay Kit | | C0374 | β-Casomorphin, human | | C0375 | Caspase 3, Substrate,Colorimetric | | C0376 | Catch-Relaxing Peptide (CARP) | | C0476 | CB-TH | | C1600 | CEA (605-613) | | C1601 | CEA (605-613) analogue | | C1609 | Cecropin B | | C1620 | CEF3 | | C1621 | CEF4 | | C1622 | CEF6 | | C1623 | CEF10 | | C1868 | Cerebellin | | C1879 | Cetrorelix Acetate | | C2468 | β-CGRP, human | | C2970 | Chromostatin, bovine | | C4274 | CKS-17 | | C5196 | C-Myc Peptide | | C5260 | CNP-22, human, porcine, rat | | C5646 | Collagen Binding Fragment | | C5655 | Conotoxin GI | | C5656 | Conotoxin IMI | | C5768 | Corazonin | | C5770 | Corticotropin Releasing Factor, bovine | | C5772 | Corticotropin Releasing Factor, human, rat | | C5774 | Corticotropin Releasing Factor, ovine | | C5773 | Cortistatin-14 | | C6018 | C-Peptide, dogs | | C6019 | C-Peptide, human | | C6916 | CREBtide | | C6982 | Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide, CCAP | | C7098 | Crystalline | | C7602 | CTAP | | C7618 | C-telopeptide | | C7692 | CTX IV (6-12) | | C7693 | [Arg3,14] CTX IV (3-14) | | C7997 | C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (1-22), human | | C7998 | C-Type Natriuretic Peptide, chicken | | D0025 | DAGO | | D0044 | D-Ala-D-Ala | | D0254 | Dansyl-Y-V-G | | D1643 | Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide | | D1644 | Deltorphin I | | D1768 | Dermaseptin I | | D1767 | Dermenkephalin | | D1769 | Dermorphin | | D1770 | Dermorphin Analog | | D1775 | Deslorelin Acetate | | D1776 | Desmopressin | | D1777 | Desmopressin Acetate | | E2424 | Egg Laying Hormone of Aplysia | | E4408 | Elcatonin Acetate | | E4416 | Eledoisin | | E4417 | Eledoisin Related Peptide | | E5210 | Endomorphin-1 | | E5211 | Endomorphin-2 | | E5212 | Endonuclease Antigenic Site | | E5214 | α-Endorphin | | E5215 | Acetyl, α-Endorphin | | E5216 | α-Endorphin, camel | | E5217 | α-Endorphin, human | | E5218 | α-Endorphin, rat | | E5219 | Endothelin-1, human | | E5221 | Endothelin-2, human | | E5222 | Endothelin-3, human | | E5220 | Enfuvirtide (T-20) | | E5240 | Leu-Enkephalin | | E5241 | Met-Enkephalin | | E2542 | Met-Enkephalin, amide | | E5276 | Enterostatin, human | | E5277 | Enterostatin, porcine, rat | | E6376 | Eptifibatide | | E6993 | Erythromycin resistance peptide MRLFV | | E9416 | Exendin-3 | | E9417 | Exendin-4 | | E9418 | Exendin (9-39) | | F3204 | Fibrinogen-binding Peptide | | F3205 | Fibrinogen g-chain dodecapeptide | | F3206 | Fibrinolysis Inhibiting Factor | | F3208 | Fibrinopeptide B, human | | F3209 | Fibronectin-Binding Protein | | F3207 | Fibronectin CS-1 Peptide | | F4400 | Flag Protein | | F4580 | FluM1 A2 (58-66) | | F4856 | Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc) | | F4859 | F-M-R-F | | F4857 | FMRF amide | | F4858 | FMRF-like peptide from Snail | | F5869 | N-Formyl-Met-Ala-Ser | | F5870 | N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe | | F5871 | N-Formyl Met-Leu-Phe-Lys | | F5872 | N-Formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys | | G0000 | G250.A2 | | G0146 | Galanin, human | | G0147 | Galanin, porcine | | G0148 | Galanin, rat | | G0044 | Galantide | | G0175 | Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), human | | G0180 | Gastrin I, human | | G0178 | Gastrin, chicken | | G0179 | Gastrin-1, rat | | G0181 | Gastrin Releasing Peptide, human | | G0182 | Gastrin Releasing Peptide, porcine | | G0096 | G-A-Y | | G2368 | G-F-R | | G2868 | Ghrelin, human | | G2869 | Ghrelin, rat | | G2870 | GHRF (1-44), human | | G2871 | GHRF, bovine | | G2872 | GHRF, mouse | | G2873 | GHRF, ovine | | G2874 | GHRF, rat | | G2968 | GHRP-2 | | G2969 | GHRP-6 | | G4479 | Glucagon (19-29), human | | G4480 | Glucagon, human | | G4481 | Glucagon-Like Peptide I (7-36), amide, human | | G4482 | Glucagon-Like Peptide I (7-37); GLP-1 (7-37) | | G4483 | Glucagon-Like Peptide II, human | | G4484 | Glucagon-Like Peptide II, rat | | G4485 | [Ala19] Glucagon-Like Peptide II, rat | | G5752 | Gonadorelin Acetate | | G5772 | Goserelin Acetate | | G6000 | gp38 | | G6368 | G-P-R | | G6400 | G-Q | | G6803 | Granuliberin R | | G6856 | Growth Hormone Releasing Factor, Human | | G8103 | Guanylin, human | | G8104 | Guanylin, rat, mouse | | H0100 | HA Peptide | | H0207 | HBV core protein (128-140) | | H1643 | Helodermin | | H1644 | Helodormin | | H1645 | Helospectin I | | H1646 | Helospectin II | | H1648 | Hemorphin-7 | | H1657 | Heparin-Binding Peptide | | H1661 | HBV Core protein (128-140) | | H1662 | HER2/neu (654-662) GP2 | | H1663 | HER2/neu (869-877) | | H1893 | Hexarelin | | H3273 | Histatin 5 | | H3277 | Histerlin Acetate | | H3274 | HIV p17 Gag (77-85) | | H3275 | HIV Integrase Protein Inhibitor(1) | | H3276 | HIV Protease Substrate | | H3278 | HIV RT (pol) A2.1 peptide | | H2876 | H-Trp-Gly-OH | | H8048 | Human Follicular Gonadotropin Releasing Peptide | | H2980 | Humanin (human) | | I5215 | Indolicidin | | I5476 | Interleukin-6 Receptor (partial) | | K0144 | Kallikrein Inhibitor | | K0172 | Kassinin | | K0276 | Katacalcin | | K1650 | Kemptide | | K1674 | Ketolide resistance Peptide MRFF | | K2412 | K-G-D-S | | K3352 | Kinetensin | | K4401 | KL-1 | | K6864 | K-R-Q-H-P-G | | K9858 | Kyotorphin | | L0248 | Laminin peptide YIGSR | | L0249 | Laminin peptide YIGSR-NH2 | | L0250 | Laminin peptide SIKVAV | | L0251 | Laminin peptide CDPGYIGSR | | L1628 | Ac-LEHD-PNA | | L1660 | Leptin (22-56), human | | L1661 | Leptin (116-130), mouse | | L1980 | Leucokinin I | | L1981 | Leucokinin VIII | | L1983 | Leucomyosuppresin (lms) | | L1881 | Leuprolide Acetate Salt | | L1882 | Leuprorelin Acetate | | L1735 | Levitide | | L3362 | β-Lipotropin (61-64) | | L3577 | Litorin | | L8276 | LHRH | | L2876 | LHRH-III, lamprey | | L8277 | [Gln8] LH-RH, chicken | | L8278 | LH-RH, salmon | | L9875 | Lys(Boc)-Leu-Lys(Boc)-Obzl | | L9875 | Lysipressin Acetate | | M0035 | M35 | | M0040 | M40 | | M0124 | Magainin 1 | | M0126 | Magainin 2 | | M0224 | MAGE-3 Antigen (271-279), human | | M0144 | Malantide | | M0272 | Mas7 | | M0273 | Mas8 | | M0275 | Mas17 | | M0276 | Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide | | M0172 | Mastoparan | | M0173 | Mastoparan X | | M1646 | MCH, human, mouse, rat | | M1647 | MCH, salmon | | M7528 | α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone | | M7529 | β-Melanocyte stimulating hormone | | M7530 | [Nle4, D-Phe7] α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone | | M7531 | gamma 1-Melanocyte stimulating hormone | | M7532 | gamma 3-Melanocyte stimulating hormone | | M1649 | Melanoma-associated antigen peptide MART-1(27-35), human | | M1648 | Melanostatin, frog | | M1650 | Melanotan II | | M1744 | Melittin (Mellitin) | | M2460 | MGP-pNA | | M3219 | MIF-1 Tyr | | M3220 | Tyr-W-MIF-1 | | M5675 | Motilin, canine | | M5776 | Motilin, porcine | | M9643 | Myelin Basic Protein (1-11), human | | M9644 | Myelin Basic Protein (87-99), guinea pig, human | | M9645 | Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (35-55), rat | | M9646 | Myelin Basic Protein (68-82), guinea pig | | M9356 | Myomodulin | | N0160 | NAP | | N1873 | Nesiritide Acetate (BNP-32) | | N1977 | Neurokinin A (4-10) | | N1978 | Neurokinin B | | N1979 | Neuromedin | | N1980 | Neuromedin B, porcine | | N1981 | Neuromedin C, porcine GRP (18-27) | | N1982 | Neuromedin U, rat | | N1984 | Neuropeptide FF F-8-F-NH2 | | N1985 | Neuropeptide K, porcine | | N1983 | Neruopeptide Y (3-36), human | | N1987 | Neuropeptide Y (13-36), human | | N1986 | Neuropeptide Y, human, rat | | N1988 | g-Neuropeptide, rabbit | | N1989 | Neurotensin | | N1990 | [Gln4] Neurotensin | | N1991 | [D-Trp11]-Neurotensin | | N1992 | Neurotensin (1-11) | | N1993 | Neurotensin (9-13) | | N1994 | Neurotensin, frog | | N1995 | Neurotensin, guinea pig | | N5210 | Nociceptin Orphanin FQ | | N5211 | Nocistatin | | N6020 | NPF | | N6076 | N(p-Tosyl)-GPR-pNA | | N7604 | NTB (Naltriben) | | O0978 | Octaneuropeptide | | O6132 | Opioid receptor antagonist | | O7116 | Orexin-B, human | | O8500 | Ovalbumin (257-264) antigen peptide | | O8503 | OVA (323-339) | | O9497 | Oxytocin | | P0001 | P1 | | P0055 | P55-TNFR | | P0075 | P75-TNFR | | P0005 | PACAP (1-27), human, ovine, rat | | P0006 | PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat | | P0007 | PACAP (6-27), human, ovine, rat | | P0008 | PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat | | P0009 | PACAP 38, frog | | P0010 | PACAP-Related Peptide, human | | P0011 | PACAP-Related Peptide, rat | | P0350 | Pancreatic Polypeptide, avian | | P0351 | Pancreatic Polypeptide, rat | | P0352 | Pancreastatin, porcine | | P0353 | Pancreatic Polypeptide, human | | P0260 | Papain Inhibitor | | P0268 | Parasin I | | P0269 | Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine | | P1955 | Pentagastrin | | P1764 | Pep-1 | | P1765 | Peptide Standard 1 | | P1766 | Peptide B, bovine | | P1767 | Peptide F, bovine | | P1760 | Peptide T | | P1762 | Peptide YY, porcine | | P1763 | Peptide YY, human | | P1768 | Peptide YY(3-36), PYY, human | | P2445 | PGLa | | P2832 | PHI, porcine | | P2833 | PHI, rat | | P2859 | Phosphate Acceptor Peptide | | P2992 | Phyllolitorin | | P2993 | Phyllomedusin | | P2994 | Physalaemin | | P4403 | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 | | P4560 | PLP (139-151) | | P7022 | Pressinoic Acid | | P7034 | Prion Peptide (106-126), human | | P6855 | Proctolin | | P6850 | Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (1-31), human | | P7628 | pTH-Related Protein (1-34), human, rat | | P6977 | Pyr-Gly-Arg-pNA | | Q4370 | Q-K-R-P-S-Q-R-S-K-Y-L | | R0250 | Ranatensin | | R0251 | Ranatensin R | | R1752 | Renin Inhibitor Pepide | | R2112 | RFDS | | R2353 | P-F-NH2 | | R2369 | RFRP-1, human | | R2512 | RGD | | R2510 | RGD-4C | | R2511 | R-G-D-C | | R2513 | RGDS | | R2514 | RGDV | | R2516 | R-G-E-S | | R2599 | R-G-Y-S-L-G | | R3224 | Rigin | | R6871 | RR-SRC | | R6873 | R-S-R | | S0006 | S6-1 | | S0049 | Salmon Calcitonin Acetate | | S0200 | SAMs Peptide | | S0171 | Sarafotoxin 6c | | S0381 | Sauvagine | | S1060 | SCPA | | S1061 | SCPB | | S1343 | Ac-S-D-K-P | | S1604 | Secretin Acetate | | S1605 | Secretin, human | | S1606 | Secretin, porcine | | S1607 | Secretin, rat | | S1843 | L-Selectin | | S1969 | Sermorelin Acetate | | S1970 | Serum Thymic Factor | | S2044 | S-F-L-L-R | | S3452 | Sincalide (CCK-8) | | S3585 | SIVmac239-1 | | S3586 | SIVmac239-2 | | S5745 | [Tyr1] Somatostatin | | S5747 | [Tyr11] Somatostatin | | S5748 | Somatostatin | | S5749 | Somatostatin-14 | | S5751 | Somatostatin-25 | | S5750 | Somatostatin-28 | | S5752 | Somatostatin-28 (1-12) | | S5753 | Somatostatin-28 (1-14) | | S5754 | Somatostatin Acetate | | S6019 | Speract | | S6134 | Spinorphin, bovine | | S7871 | Stresscopin, human | | S7872 | Stresscopin-Related Peptide, human | | S8005 | Substance P | | S8006 | Substance P (1-4) | | S8007 | Substance P (1-7) | | S8008 | Substance P (1-9) | | S8009 | Substance P (7-11) | | S8010 | [Nle11] Substance P | | S8011 | [Pro9] Substance P | | S8012 | [Sar9] Substance P | | S8013 | [Tyr8] Substance P | | S8014 | Substance P, Free Acid | | S7908 | Suc-APA-pNA | | S7909 | Suc-LEPF-pNA | | S7910 | Suc-RGPF-pNA | | S7911 | Suc-SDPF-pNA | | S9754 | Syntide 2 | | S9775 | Systemin | | T0002 | T2 Toxin | | T0076 | TAT | | T0077 | TAT 2-4 | | T1675 | Teripatartide Acetate | | T1673 | Terlipressin Acetate | | T2970 | Thrombin Receptor Agonist | | T3093 | Thymopentin | | T3094 | Thymopentin Acetate (TP-5) | | T3096 | Thymosin α-1 | | T3097 | Thymosin α-1 Acetate | | T3098 | Thymosin β-4 Acetate | | T3099 | Thymus Factor | | T3100 | Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) | | T3101 | TRH, Free Acid | | T7037 | Triptorelin Acetate | | T7036 | Triptorelin, [DTrp6]-LH-RH, Amide | | T8020 | Tuftsin | | T9974 | [Asp371] Tyrosinase(369-377), human | | U5233 | Universal TT epitope P2 (830-844) | | U6118 | Uperolein | | U6854 | Urocortin, human | | U6855 | Urocortin, rat | | U6856 | Urocortin II, human | | U6858 | Urocortin II, mouse | | U6859 | Urocortin III, human | | U6860 | Urocortin III, mouse | | U6857 | Urodilatin CCC/ANP-95-126 | | U6956 | Uroguanylin, human | | U6957 | Urotensin I | | U6958 | Urotensin II, frog | | U6959 | Urotensin II, human | | V0153 | Vanilloid Receptor Subtype 1 | | V0160 | RC-160 (Vapreotide) | | V0273 | Vasoactive Intestinal peptide | | V3360 | VIP, guinea pig | | V0274 | [Lys8] Vasopressin | | V0275 | [Arg8] Vasotocin | | V1872 | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus peptide | | W4096 | W-K-Y-M-V-M-NH2 | | X1752 | Xenin | | X1753 | Xenopsin | | Z0146 | Z-Ala-Ala-Leu-pNA | | Z1216 | Z-D-E-V-D-AMC | | Z2268 | Z-F-R-AMC | | Z6269 | Z-Pro-D-Leu |
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