4-hydroxy Nonenal (4-HNE) is a major aldehyde produced during the lipid peroxidation of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. It is considered a potential causal agent in numerous diseases, including chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis,...

Pifithrin-alpha is an inactivator of p53 that blocks p53-dependent transcriptional activation and apoptosis. It prevents p53-mediated apoptosis induced by cytotoxic compounds in C8 cells at 10 µM and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 30 µM. Pifithrin-alpha can also protect cells from DNA damage-induced...

Cyclopiazonic acid is a mycotoxin that has been found in Penicillium and Aspergillus and an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA, IC50 = 0.6 µM). In vivo, cyclopiazonic acid (11-14 mg/kg) induces ptosis, hypothermia, tremor, and cachexia, as well as induces lethality (LD50 = 13 mg/kg),...

Farnesyl alcohol is an isoprenoid that has been found in aromatic plants and has diverse biological activities. It is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma (EC50s = 5.5 and 28 µM, respectively, in a reporter assay using CV-1 cells) and increases the expression of...