Cytokeratins (CKs) are intermediate filaments proteins and members of the cytokeratin protein family. The cytokeratin family is composed of at least 20 unique gene products, which fall into two categories: type I acidic cytokeratins, CK9-CK20, and type II neutral-basic cytokeratins, CK1-CK8. Each cytokeratin is...

Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits Raf-1 and B-RAF (IC50s = 6 and 22 µM, respectively), as well as the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRbeta, FLT3, and c-Kit (IC50s = 90, 15, 20, 57, and 58 nM, respectively). It is selective for these kinases over 12 other kinases, including ERK1,...

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA, which is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It assembles into tetramers, with each monomer comprised of an N-terminal regulatory domain with three serine residues at...

NADP+ is the oxidized form of the electron donor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH, Cay-9000743). It serves as a cofactor in various biological reactions. In addition, the balance between these reduced and oxidized forms plays key roles in diverse cellular functions, including cell survival, the...