In humans, the multiple tumor suppressor 1 locus (MTS1) encodes two unrelated genes, p16INK4a and p19ARF. Although both act as cell proliferation inhibitors, their mechanisms of action are different. p19ARF works as part of a p53-dependent pathway to counter uncontrolled proliferation and oncogenic signals. Mice...

X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) has been identified as a gene that partially rescues a DNA repair defect and therefore plays a role in efficient repair of single-stranded breaks in DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. XRCC1 interacts with human polynucleotide kinase, DNA polymerase-beta, and...

Protein function: Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility...

Protein function: RNA-dependent ATPase activity. Involved in transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional coactivator for estrogen receptor ESR1. Increases ESR1 AF-1 domain-mediated transactivation. Synergizes with DDX5 and SRA1 RNA to activate MYOD1 transcriptional activity and probably involved in skeletal muscle...

Protein function: Involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle and in DNA repair. Central component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can...